Heat pumps

Is it cheaper to run a heat pump on a Midwestern utility than to run gas, using my actual rates?

Updated 2026-11-11. Educational page, not a permit calculation.

It might be, but you should not answer from the state average alone — and in much of the Midwest the average currently favors gas at these ratings. The operating-cost calculator is built for this: enter the cents per kWh and the dollars per therm (or per Mcf) from your bills, plus the furnace AFUE and the heat-pump HSPF2, and compare dollars per MMBtu or an annual sketch. EIA 2025 Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, and Wisconsin averages all show a lower furnace unit cost than an 8.1 HSPF2 heat pump in this site’s tables. Your utility may be higher or lower, and a winter gas price can differ from the annual average. Time-of-use electricity can move the heat-pump side as well; see that page.

Midwest EIA averages already on this site, for orientation only — override them with your bill.
StateResidential electricity, 2025 (¢/kWh)Residential gas ($/Mcf)Implied $/therm95% AFUE furnace ($/MMBtu)8.1 HSPF2 heat pump ($/MMBtu)
Illinois17.6711.25 (2025)1.0711.3021.81
Ohio16.9013.85 (2025)1.3013.7320.86
Minnesota15.8310.98 (2025)1.0410.9619.54
Wisconsin18.0810.74 (2025)1.0210.7822.32
United States17.2315.34 (2025)1.4815.5921.27

Electricity from EIA Electric Power Annual Table 2.10, 2025 residential, final, retrieved 2026-11-11. Gas and heat content from EIA annual series, release 2026-10-30. Therms per Mcf = heat content (Btu/cf) / 100. Furnace cost = (gas $ per therm × 10) / 0.95. Heat-pump cost = (1,000 / 8.1) × electricity $/kWh. HSPF2 8.1 is ENERGY STAR’s cold-climate minimum for ducted / packaged units, used here as a labeled rating, not a prediction of your climate. State averages are not your tariff.

A short walkthrough: find a typical kWh price on the electric bill (total dollars for energy, excluding unrelated charges if you can separate them, divided by kWh), find a gas price in $/therm or convert $/Mcf with the heat-content method on the conversion page, and enter both. If you have last year’s heating therms, use the “compare using my gas bill” mode instead of a generic annual load. HSPF2 remains a Region IV seasonal rating, so a Midwestern winter can be harder on the heat pump than the rating suggests — which is an argument for also looking at the 5°F COP and at dual fuel, not for skipping the rate math.

This is not a permit calculation, a utility approval, or a substitute for a licensed electrician, HVAC contractor, or the authority having jurisdiction. Panel Headroom is an independent educational site. It is not a utility, a certification body, or a contractor. Electrical and generator work that is done incorrectly can cause fire, shock, or carbon monoxide poisoning. Use the adopted electrical code and manufacturer instructions; pull permits where required.